ORTHODONTIC DISORDERS

CROSS-CONTACT

Cross occlusion can occur in the anterior and/or posterior teeth.
One or more teeth of the upper jaw close more inwardly than the teeth of the lower jaw.
Early correction of cross-closure is recommended. Cross-closure must be corrected because it can:

• cause premature tooth decay
• worsen gingivitis and periodontitis (bone loss)
• cause asymmetrical growth of the jaws
• cause a dysfunctional occlusion
• make your smile less attractive

How can a cross occlusion be corrected orthodontically? If the cross occlusion is limited to one tooth, it can be put back in place with braces or mobile appliances (chewing appliances).
If more teeth are involved in the cross-closure, then the dental arch needs to be widened with braces or other intraoral appliances.

OPEN DAY

Open execution is an insufficient vertical overlap of the teeth.
It is caused by oral habits such as tongue advancement, finger sucking or when the jaws do not grow evenly.
The timing of treatment initiation is critical to the overall success of treatment.
How can an open hanging be orthodontically corrected?
Open hanging can be corrected through modification of jaw growth using fixed orthodontic appliances (braces), changing the position of the front teeth, and in some cases surgical correction of the jaws.
Also, cessation of oral habits such as finger sucking is necessary.

SURPRISE

Overcrowding occurs when the upper front teeth cover all or most of the surface of the lower front teeth.
Hyperocclusion may be due to an increased anterior tooth anatomy, a decreased posterior tooth anatomy, or excessive growth of the bone supporting the teeth.
Over-closure is also known as deep decay. Overcrowding must be corrected because it can:

• cause your front teeth to malfunction
• result in the lower front teeth biting into the gum tissue of the palate leading to problems of these tissues
• premature and extensive decay of the lower front teeth
• cause jaw or joint problems
• make your smile less attractive

INCREASED PRINCIPLE PROGRESS (Prognathism)

Increased horizontal protrusion is also known as prognathism.
In this case, the lower teeth are too far back in relation to the upper front teeth.
This can be caused by improper molar alignment (Skeletal Relationship II), skeletal imbalance of the upper and lower jaws, protruding upper sectors, missing lower teeth, or a combination of all of the above.
In addition, oral habits, such as unclenching the fingers or advancing the tongue, can exacerbate the condition. Prognathism should be corrected because it can:

• prevent the good functioning of the front teeth
• lead to premature tooth decay
• Makes your smile less attractive

How can prognathism be corrected orthodontically? Prognathism can be corrected through growth modification using a functional appliance and/or elastics and braces to reduce skeletal imbalance or tooth extraction.

ANTI-PROSTIC ORIENTAL PROPOSITION (mandibular prognathism)

The lower teeth protrude beyond the front upper teeth.
It is usually caused by underdevelopment of the upper jaw, overdevelopment of the lower jaw or a combination of the two (Skeletal Relationship III).
The hereditary factor is strong in these cases.
Prognathism of the lower teeth can also be caused by protruding lower sectors, missing upper teeth or a combination of all of the above.
Correction as early as possible is recommended. Mandibular prognathism must be corrected because it can:

• prevent good functioning of the front teeth or molars that may lead to premature tooth decay
• cause chewing problems
• cause problems in the jaws or joints
• makes your smile less attractive

How is mandibular prognathism corrected?
Orthodontic correction is achieved through fixed orthodontic appliances and modification of jaw growth, tooth extractions and in some cases surgical correction of the jaws.